Ground source heat pumps were born in the mid-1980s.
According to statistics from the United States over the past 10 years, the operating costs of ground source heat pumps (heating) are 22% to 25% lower than those of electric air conditioners, and 40% to 60% lower than those of fuel and coal-fired boilers.
The average lifespan of the system is expected to be 15-18 years, with an open cycle system expected to last for 30 years and a closed cycle system expected to last for 50 years.
Introduction to Ground Source Heat Pump System
Ground source heat pump technology is a building energy supply technology worth promoting on a large scale. Ground source heat pump is a new type of central air conditioning system that utilizes shallow and deep earth energy, including natural energy such as soil, groundwater, and surface water, as winter heat sources and summer cold sources, and then supplies cooling and heating to buildings through heat pump units. It is a renewable energy system that can provide both heating and cooling.
Extracting groundwater source heat pumps, due to technological limitations, is difficult to achieve complete reinjection, and supervision and implementation are also challenging, which can easily cause groundwater pollution and geological collapse.
The buried tube ground source heat pump technology is currently widely promoted and used abroad, which is the best technical approach to fully utilize shallow geothermal energy.
At present, buried ground source heat pumps have been widely used in European and American countries and have been fully proven to be a mature and feasible technology. In China, the Ministry of Construction and some provinces and cities have explicitly promoted the use of ground source heat pumps in their building energy-saving policies, and they have also been used in many large-scale air conditioning projects.
(Commonly used in villas in Europe and America, for heating in winter and air conditioning in summer)

1.0.1 Ground source heat pump system
A heating and air conditioning system composed of a water source heat pump unit, geothermal energy exchange system, and building interior system, using rock and soil mass, groundwater, or surface water as low-temperature heat sources. According to the different forms of geothermal energy exchange systems, ground source heat pump systems are divided into buried pipe ground source heat pump systems, groundwater ground source heat pump systems, and surface water ground source heat pump systems.
The biggest difference between ground source heat pumps and conventional chillers for refrigeration is that the cooling water in the air conditioning system is replaced by groundwater or soil cooling.
There are several ways to cool groundwater or soil. Underground pipe heat exchange system or groundwater heat exchange system, which is further divided into direct and indirect heat exchange, etc.
1.0.2 Water source heat pump unit
A heat pump that uses water or an aqueous solution with added antifreeze as a low-temperature heat source. There are usually forms such as water/water heat pumps and water/air heat pumps.
1.0.3 Geothermal Exchange System
A heat exchange system that utilizes shallow geothermal energy resources.
1.0.4 Shallow Geothermal Resources
Thermal energy resources stored in shallow rock and soil layers, groundwater, or surface water.
1.0.5 Heat transfer fluid
In a ground source heat pump system, a liquid that exchanges heat with soil, groundwater, or surface water through heat exchange tubes. Generally, it is water or an aqueous solution with antifreeze added.
1.0.6 Ground Heat Exchange System
A geothermal energy exchange system, also known as a soil heat exchange system, in which the heat transfer medium exchanges heat with rock and soil through vertical or horizontal buried pipe heat exchangers.

1.0.7 Ground Heat Exchanger
A heat exchanger, also known as a soil heat exchanger, composed of a closed loop pipe group buried underground, used for heat exchange between heat transfer medium and rock and soil mass. According to the different burial methods of pipelines, they are divided into horizontal buried pipe heat exchangers and vertical buried pipe heat exchangers.
1.0.8 Horizontal Ground Heat Exchanger
A buried pipe heat exchanger, also known as a horizontal soil heat exchanger, in which the heat exchange pipeline is buried in a horizontal pipe trench.